Showing posts with label LIGHT. Show all posts
Showing posts with label LIGHT. Show all posts

UV Torch Light

Posted by Unknown at 3:15 AM Wednesday, November 12, 2014 Labels: , , 0 comments
UV (ultra-violet) LEDs can produce eye-catching effects when their light is allowed to interfere with certain colours, particularly with reflected light under near-dark conditions. Also try shining some UV light on a diamond.

Circuit diagram :

 UV Torch Light Circuit Diagram

Most UV LEDs require about 3.6 V (the ‘blue’ diode voltage) to light. Here, a MAX761 step-up switching IC is used to provide constant current to bias the UV diode. The IC employs PWM in high-cur-rent mode and automatically changes to PFM mode in low or medium power mode to save (battery) power. To allow it to be used with two AA cells, the MAX761 is configured in bootstrapped mode with voltage-adjustable feedback. Up to four cells may be used to power the circuit but they may add more weight than you would like for a torchlight. 

To prolong the switch life, R1 is connected to the IC’s SHDN (shutdown) pin. Less than 50 nA will be measured in shutdown mode. Electrolytic capacitor C1 is used to decouple the circuit supply voltage. With-out it, ripple and noise may cause instability. The one inductor in the circuit, L1, may have any value between about 10 and 50 µH. It stores current in its magnetic field while the MOSFET inside the MAX761 is switched. A toroid inductor is preferred in this position as it will guarantee low stray radiation. D1 has to be a relatively fast diode so don’t be tempted to use an 1N400x because it has a too slow recovery time.
The circuit efficiency was measured at about 70%. R2, the resistor on the feed-back pin of the MAX761 effectively determines the amount of constant current, I, sent through the UV LEDs, as follows: R2 = 1.5 / I
where I will be between 2 mA and 35 mA. 

Zener diode D4 clamps the output voltage when the load is disconnected, which may happen when one of the UV LEDs breaks down. Without a load, the MAX761 will switch L1 right up to the boost voltage and so destroy itself.
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Automatic Emergency Light

Posted by Unknown at 4:30 PM Wednesday, November 5, 2014 Labels: , , 0 comments
This is the simple circuit of automatic emergency light. It is called dark dependent circuit. A 555 timer IC and LDR is used for this configuration. When light fall on the LDR, its resistance is decrease and in dark position its resistance is going high. Using these characteristics of LDR, automatic emergency light is made.

Automatic Emergency Light Circuit diagram:

Automatic

LDR is called Light Dependent Resistor. Its resistance is inversely proportional to the falling light on its surface. In dark, its resistance is approximately 7k to 10k. When light fall on its surface, its resistance is decrease to less than 1k. In the circuit, a voltage divider arrangement circuit is used here with LDR and 10K variable resistor.

When light fall on the surface of LDR, the resistance decrease to 1k. So the voltage of the timer pin-6 is greater than 2/3 of +Vcc. For this reason the output pin-3 goes low. The base voltage of transistor BC547 is less than 0.75 volt. The transistor is OFF state. So the light is OFF. In dark position the LDR resistance increase is high so the voltage of the trigger pin-2 decrease to less than 1/3 of +Vcc. The output pin-3 goes high so the base voltage of the transistor BC547 is greater than 0.75 volt. The transistor is ON state. So the light is ON and it emits light.
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Garage Stop Light

Posted by Unknown at 8:30 PM Monday, November 3, 2014 Labels: , , 0 comments
A novel use of solar cells makes positioning your car in the garage rather easier than old tyres, a mirror, or a chalk mark. The six solar cells in figure 1 serve as power supply and as proximity sensor. They are commercially available at relative low cost. The voltage developed across potentiometer Pi is mainly dependent on the intensity of the light falling onto the cells. The circuit is only actuated when the main beam of one of the cars headlights shines direct onto the cells from a distance of about 200 mm (8 inches). The distance can be varied somewhat with P,

Simple Garage Stop Light Circuit Diagram :

Light

Under those conditions, the voltage developed across C1 is about 3 V, which is sufficient to trigger relaxation oscillator Ni. The BC547B is then switched on via buffer N2 so that D3 begins to  lfash. Diodes Di and D2 provide an additional in- crease in the threshold of the circuit. The total voltage drop of 1.2 V across them ensures that the  potential at pin I of the 4093 is always 1.2 V below the voltage developed by the solar cells. As the trip  level of Ni lies at about 50 per cent of the supply  voltage, the oscillator will only start when the supply voltage is higher than 2.4 V.

The circuit, including the solar cells, is best constructed on a small veroboard as shown in figure 3, and then fitted in a translucent or transparent man- made fibre case. The case is fitted onto the garage wall in a position where one of the cars headlights shines direct onto it. The LED is fitted onto the same wall, but a little higher so that it is in easy view of the driver of the car. When you drive into the garage, you must, of course, remember to switch on the main beam of your headlights!

 
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LED DETECTS LIGHT

Posted by Unknown at 1:45 PM Labels: , , 0 comments
All LEDs give off light of a particular colour but some LEDs are also able to detect light. Obviously they are not as good as a device that has been specially made to detect light; such as solar cell, photocell, photo resistor, light dependent resistor, photo transistor, photo diode and other photo sensitive devices.
A green LED will detect light and a high-bright red LED will respond about 100 times better than a green LED, but the LED in this position in the circuit is classified as very high impedance and it requires a considerable amount of amplification to turn the detection into a worthwhile current-source.

All other LEDs respond very poorly and are not worth trying.

The accompanying circuit amplifies the output of the LED and enables it to be used for a number of applications.

The LED only responds when the light enters the end of the LED and this makes it ideal for solar trackers and any time there is a large difference between the dark and light conditions. It will not detect the light in a room unless the lamp is very close.
 

source : http://www.talkingelectronics.com.au/projects/200TrCcts/200TrCcts.html
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